Thyro-Mend^™
	A synergistic combination of iodine containing seaweeds, and herbs which contain phytothyroidogenic, phyto-thyroid-receptor agonists, and other herbs designed to promote optimal function of thyroid hormones by maintaining the health of thyroid hormone producing tissues and by supporting the healthy function of tissues that respond to thyroid hormones.
Phytocrinology	This unique combination of seaweeds and herbs synergistically supports the SEVEN KEY FUNCTIONS associated with OPTIMAL THYROID HEALTH, due to its ability to support:
Formulas	1. increased bio-available iodine for thyrocytes
Estro-Mend^™	2. increased iodine uptake by thyrocytes through interactions with sodium-iodide-symporter (NIS) proteins
Progesto-Mend^™
Testo-Gain^™	3. increased T3 & T4 production and secretion from thyrocytes
Testo-Quench^™
Thyro-Mend^™	4. increased conversion of thyroxine (T4) to the more bioactive triiodothyronine (T3) by liver cells;
Lab Test	5. increased RXR/TR heterodimerization of thyroid receptors on target cells throughout the body
Order Formulas	6. increased binding of thyroid hormone receptors to DNA by RXR/TR heterodimers throughout the body
Protocols
Questionnaire	7. increased affect of T3 on target gene expression within receptor cells throughout the body.
About Us
		Download Douglas Laboratories Product Data Sheet
	Three Capsules Contain:
	Iodine (from seaweed blend)		200 mcg
	Thyro-Mend™ Proprietary Blend		1,700 mg
	Standardized Guggulipid (gum resin, 2.5% guggul sterones), Standardized Bacopa (aerial parts, 20% bacosides), Standardized Hops (aerial parts, 5% alpha bitter acid), Sage (leaf), Standardized Ashwagandha (root, 1.5% withanolides & 1% alkaloids), Standardized Coleus (root, 10% forskolin), Standardized Rosemary extract (aerial parts, 6% carnosic acid) & seaweed blend (Fucus vesiculosus & Ascophyllum nodosum)
	Suggested Use:		3 daily with food
		Also See:	Protocols
					Order Formulas
MORE INFORMATION on the Constituents of Thyro-Mend™
Sea Kelp (Ascophyllum nodosum) is a dietary source of bio-available iodine. An additional benefit of Ascophyllum nodosum is its ability to increase glutathione peroxidase activity, an important antioxidant. Human thyrocytes synthesize and secrete extracellular glutathione peroxidase, which translocates into the intracellular space and prevents peroxidative damage of thyrocytes from diffusion of extracellular H202 during stimulation of thyroid-hormone synthesis.
Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus), another dietary source of natural bio-available iodine, has been used by many societies throughout history. Bladderwrack has also demonstrated anti-estrogen properties in both human and animal studies, suggesting that it may contribute protective health to estrogen sensitive tissues.
Guggulsterone (Commiphora mukul) has shown an ability to support thyroid function, especially through increased conversion of T4 to T3 in the liver, the principle site of T3 generation.* The effects of guggulsterone may be due to its ability to activate multiple receptors on the nuclear membrane, including thyroid receptors (alpha & beta), retinoic acid receptors, (which pairs with thyroid receptors), and the vitamin D receptor, which also plays a role in thyroid function. Guggulsterone, a component of Commiphora mukul supports healthy cholesterol levels and affects LDL oxidation, an important feature since the oxidation of LDL may have an effect on cardiovascular health, a critical concern for those with sub-optimal thyroid function
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) provides carnosic acid, a polyphenolic diterpene that at low concentrations increases the expression of vitamin D and retinoid receptors. Retinoid-X-receptors (RXR) undergo heterodimerization with thyroid hormone receptors (TR). The RXR/TR heterodimers have been proposed to be the principle mediators of target gene regulation by T3 hormone. The ability of carnosic acid to also affect retinoic acid receptors may increase its importance as a TR agonist. Rosemary also contributes rosmarinic acid, which has significant antioxidant and anxiolytic properties. An additional constituent, carnosol, may support healthy metalloproteinase-9 activity and healthy NF-kappaB activity, which may be responsible for its support of normal immune system function.
Sage (Salvia officinalis) has long been recognized as a very rich source of the antioxidant carnosic acid which, as noted above, can increase T3 activity through improved RXR/TR heterodimerization. Important features of Salvia officinalis are also its memory supportive properties, including memory retention, more efficient memory retrieval and improved mood and cognitive task performance.
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) demonstrated an ability to directly act on the thyroid to raise serum levels of thyroid hormones in animal studies during the late 1990s. Though inconclusive, a case review in late 2005 indicated that Ashwagandha may have the ability to raise serum levels of thyroid hormones in humans. Ashwagandha has also been attributed as having a number of adaptogenic properties including neuroprotective properties.
Coleus (Coleus forskohlii) contains forskolin, a potent activator of the cyclic AMP-generating system in many tissues including the thyroid, and increases T3 & T4 secretion from thyrocytes in a fashion similar to TSH, though independent from TSH. Forskolin is specifically able to mimic the effect of TSH in regard to iodide uptake, organification of iodine, thyroglobulin (TG) production, and promote secretion of T3 & T4, through an increase in the expression of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) proteins.
Brahmi (Bacopa monniera) exhibited thyroid supportive properties through an increase of T4 serum concentrations in animal studies. Brahmi may have more direct thyroid supportive properties versus an effect on hepatic conversion to T3. Brahmi may also address concerns about neurocognitive function associated with sub-optimal thyroid function. In human studies, Brahmi has been shown to improve many of the higher order cognitive processes, including the ability to significantly improve speed of visual information processing, learning rate, memory consolidation, improve memory retention, enhance retention of new information, and decrease the rate of forgetting of newly acquired information.
Hops (Humulus lupulus) can increase the uptake of iodide into the thyroid gland, a fundamental step in thyroid hormone synthesis, through interactions with sodium-iodide-symporter (NIS) proteins. This observation is quite the opposite of many other plant-derived phenolic secondary metabolites such as isoflavonoids, which can potentially inhibit iodide uptake. Xanthohumol, a chalcone found in Humulus lupulus, plays a critical role in supporting normal blood lipid and glucose metabolism.
References:
Iodine: Caldwell KL, Jones R, Hollowell JG. Urinary iodine concentration: United States National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002. Thyroid. 2005 Jul;15(7):692-9. ● Borak J. Adequacy of iodine nutrition in the United States. Conn Med. 2005 Feb;69(2):73-7. ● Gaitan JE, Mayoral LG, Gaitan E. Defective thyroidal iodine concentration in protein-calorie malnutrition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Aug;57(2):327-33.
Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus): Campbell WR. Diet and nutrition: iodine in normal nutrition. Can Med Assoc J. 1939 Jan; 40(1): 77-79. ● Butler MR. Comparison of the chemical composition of some marine algae. Plant Physiol. 1931 Apr; 6(2): 295-305. ● Skibola CF. The effect of Fucus vesiculosus, an edible brown seaweed, upon menstrual cycle length and hormonal status in three pre-menopausal women: a case report. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2004 Aug 4;4:10. ● Skibola CF, Curry JD, VandeVoort C, Conley A, Smith MT. Brown kelp modulates endocrine hormones in female sprague-dawley rats and in human luteinized granulosa cells. J Nutr. 2005 Feb;135(2):296-300.
Norwegian Seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum): Butler MR. Comparison of the chemical composition of some marine algae. Plant Physiol. 1931 Apr; 6(2): 295-305. ● Howie AF, Walker SW, Akesson B, Arthur JR, Beckett GJ. Thyroidal extracellular glutathione peroxidase: a potential regulator of thyroid-hormone synthesis. Biochem J. 1995 Jun 15;308 ( Pt 3):713-7. ● Saker KE, Fike JH, Veit H, Ward DL. Brown seaweed- (Tasco) treated conserved forage enhances antioxidant status and immune function in heat-stressed wether lambs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2004 Apr;88(3-4):122-30.
Guggulsterones (Commiphora mukul): Panda S, Kar A. Gugulu (Commiphora mukul) induces triiodothyronine production: possible involvement of lipid peroxidation. Life Sci. 1999;65(12):PL137-41. ● Panda S, Kar A. Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) potentially ameliorates hypothyroidism in female mice. Phytother Res. 2005 Jan;19(1):78-80. ● Brobst DE, Ding X, Creech KL, Goodwin B, Kelley B, Staudinger JL. Guggulsterone activates multiple nuclear receptors and induces CYP3A gene expression through the pregnane X receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Aug;310(2):528-35. Epub 2004 Apr 1. ● Lee S, Privalsky ML. Heterodimers of retinoic acid receptors and thyroid hormone receptors display unique combinatorial regulatory properties. Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Apr;19(4):863-78. Epub 2005 Jan 13. ● Wang X, Greilberger J, Ledinski G, Kager G, Paigen B, Jurgens G. The hypolipidemic natural product Commiphora mukul and its component guggulsterone inhibit oxidative modification of LDL. Atherosclerosis. 2004 Feb;172(2):239-46.
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): Steiner M, Priel I, Giat J, Levy J, Sharoni Y, Danilenko M. Carnosic acid inhibits proliferation and augments differentiation of human leukemic cells induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and retinoic acid. Nutr Cancer. 2001;41(1-2):135-44. ● Danilenko M, Wang X, Studzinski GP. Carnosic acid and promotion of monocytic differentiation of HL60-G cells initiated by other agents. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Aug 15;93(16):1224-33. ● Li D, Li T, Wang F, Tian H, Samuels HH.Functional evidence for retinoid X receptor (RXR) as a nonsilent partner in the thyroid hormone receptor/RXR heterodimer. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Aug;22(16):5782-92. ● Lee S, Privalsky ML. Heterodimers of retinoic acid receptors and thyroid hormone receptors display unique combinatorial regulatory properties. Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Apr;19(4):863-78. ● Petersen M, Simmonds MS. Rosmarinic acid. Phytochemistry. 2003 Jan;62(2):121-5. Review. ● Pereira P, Tysca D, Oliveira P, da Silva Brum LF, Picada JN, Ardenghi P. Neurobehavioral and genotoxic aspects of rosmarinic acid. Pharmacol Res. 2005 Sep;52(3):199-203 ● Huang SC, Ho CT, Lin-Shiau SY, Lin JK. Carnosol inhibits the invasion of B16/F10 mouse melanoma cells by suppressing metalloproteinase-9 through down-regulating nuclear factor-kappa B and c-Jun. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Jan 15;69(2):221-32. Epub 2004 Nov 23. ● Lo AH, Liang YC, Lin-Shiau SY, Ho CT, Lin JK. Carnosol, an antioxidant in rosemary, suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase through down-regulating nuclear factor-kappaB in mouse macrophages. Carcinogenesis. 2002 Jun;23(6):983-91.
Sage (Salvia officinalis): Rutherford DM, Nielsen MP, Hansen SK, Witt MR, Bergendorff O, Sterner O. Isolation and identification from Salvia officinalis of two diterpenes which inhibit t-butylbicyclophosphoro[35S]thionate binding to chloride channel of rat cerebrocortical membranes in vitro. Neurosci Lett. 1992 Feb 3;135(2):224-6. ● Munne-Bosch S, Alegre L. Drought-induced changes in the redox state of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, and the diterpene carnosic acid in chloroplasts of Labiatae species differing in carnosic acid contents. Plant Physiol. 2003 Apr;131(4):1816-25. ● Schwarz K, Ternes W. Antioxidative constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia officinalis. II. Isolation of carnosic acid and formation of other phenolic diterpenes. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1992 Aug;195(2):99-103. ● Perry EK, Pickering AT, Wang WW, Houghton P, Perry NS. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence. J Altern Complement Med. 1998 Winter;4(4):419-28. ● Eidi M, Eidi A, Bahar M.Effects of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) leaves on memory retention and its interaction with the cholinergic system in rats. Nutrition. 2006 Mar;22(3):321-6. ● Tildesley NT, Kennedy DO, Perry EK, Ballard CG, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. Positive modulation of mood and cognitive performance following administration of acute doses of Salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil to healthy young volunteers. Physiol Behav. 2005 Jan 17;83(5):699-709. ● Kennedy DO, Pace S, Haskell C, Okello EJ, Milne A, Scholey AB. Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibiting Sage (Salvia officinalis) on Mood, Anxiety and Performance on a Psychological Stressor Battery. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005 Oct 5
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): Panda S, Kar A. Changes in thyroid hormone concentrations after administration of ashwagandha root extract to adult male mice. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1998 Sep;50(9):1065-8. ● Panda S, Kar A. Withania somnifera and Bauhinia purpurea in the regulation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations in female mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Nov 1;67(2):233-9. ● van der Hooft CS, Hoekstra A, Winter A, de Smet PA, Stricker BH. [Thyrotoxicosis following the use of ashwagandha] Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2005 Nov 19;149(47):2637-8. Dutch. ● Ahmad M, Saleem S, Ahmad AS, Ansari MA, Yousuf S, Hoda MN, Islam F. Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera on 6-hydroxydopamine induced Parkinsonism in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2005 Mar;24(3):137-47. ● Jain S, Shukla SD, Sharma K, Bhatnagar M. Neuroprotective effects of Withania somnifera Dunn. in hippocampal sub-regions of female albino rat. Phytother Res. 2001 Sep;15(6):544-8.
Coleus (Coleus forskohlii): Laurberg P. Forskolin stimulation of thyroid secretion of T4 and T3. FEBS Lett. 1984 May 21;170(2):273-6. ● Hiraiwa M. Adenylate cyclase system responsive to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of porcine thyroid cells in primary monolayer cultures. Potential effect of forskolin on TSH-mediated adenylate cyclase stimulation. Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi. 1987 Jan 20;63(1):34-44. ● van Sande J, Cochaux P, Dumont JE. Forskolin stimulates adenylate cyclase and iodine metabolism in thyroid. FEBS Lett. 1982 Dec 13;150(1):137-41. ● Venkateswaran A, Marsee DK, Green SH, Jhiang SM. Forskolin, 8-Br-3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate, and catalytic protein kinase A expression in the nucleus increase radioiodide uptake and sodium/iodide symporter protein levels in RET/PTC1-expressing cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Dec;89(12):6168-72.
Brahmi (Bacopa monniera): Kar A, Panda S, Bharti S. Relative efficacy of three medicinal plant extracts in the alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in male mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Jul;81(2):281-5. ● Jyoti A, Sharma D. Neuroprotective role of Bacopa monniera extract against aluminium-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus of rat brain. Neurotoxicology. 2006 Feb 22 ● Roodenrys S, Booth D, Bulzomi S, Phipps A, Micallef C, Smoker J. Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 Aug;27(2):279-81. ● Sairam K, Dorababu M, Goel RK, Bhattacharya SK. Antidepressant activity of standardized extract of Bacopa monniera in experimental models of depression in rats. Phytomedicine. 2002 Apr;9(3):207-11. ● Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, Downey LA, Hutchison CW, Rodgers T, Nathan PJ. The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Aug;156(4):481-4.
Hops (Humulus lupulus): Radovic B, Schmutzler C, Kohrle J. Xanthohumol stimulates iodide uptake in rat thyroid-derived FRTL-5 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2005 Sep;49(9):832-6. ● Casaschi A, Maiyoh GK, Rubio BK, Li RW, Adeli K, Theriault AG. The chalcone xanthohumol inhibits triglyceride and apolipoprotein B secretion in HepG2 cells. J Nutr. 2004 Jun;134(6):1340-6. ● Nozawa H. Xanthohumol, the chalcone from beer hops (Humulus lupulus L.), is the ligand for farnesoid X receptor and ameliorate s lipid and glucose metabolism in KK-A(y) mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Oct 28;336(3):754-61.
♦ These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Thyro-Mend^™ is a Trademark of Douglas Laboratories. All Rights Reserved.
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